Hepatoprotective activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, against paraquat toxicity

Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide that is used in most countries without restriction. The cytotoxic action of paraquat is mediated by reactive radicals that are products of its metabolic reduction in cells. It has already been hypothesized that some angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (e.g., captopril and enalapril) could show antioxidant and radical scavenging activity through their structural thiol groups, increasing antioxidant enzymes production or nitric oxide synthesis. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of captopril and enalapril against paraquat induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity was evaluated in isolated rat hepatocyte. Subtoxic concentrations of captopril (0.2 mM) and enalapril (0.2 mM) significantly (p < 0.05) protected the hepatocytes against paraquat (2 mM) induced oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers including: cell lysis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, glutathione depletion, mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, lysosomal membrane oxidative damage and cellular proteolysis. Moreover, we showed that non-thiol enalapril acts as well as thiol containing captopril at inhibiting oxidative stress cytotoxicity markers. Finally, our results support the hypothesis that it is the increase in nitric oxide synthesis and not the presence of the thiol group that accounts for the antioxidant activity of ACE inhibitors.     

除臭微生物7NC培养基和培养条件的优化

针对除臭微生物7NC的应用,采用单因素试验和正交试验的方法对菌株7NC进行了培养基以及培养基组分的筛选。结果表明,7NC较理想的培养基为营养肉汤培养基:蛋白胨10 g/L,氯化钠8 g/L,葡萄糖1 g/L,PH 7.5,酵母粉3 g/L,最适条件为温度37℃,摇床培养(130 r/min),接种量为3%。试验结果为7NC的大规模生产提供了参数,提高了产量。     

盐酸诺氟沙星在家蚕体内的药物动力学研究

为了给家蚕细菌病的预防和治疗提供合理用药的理论依据 ,采用微生物测定法研究了盐酸诺氟沙星在健康家蚕体内的药物动力学特征 ,以MCPKP药代动力学程序处理药时数据。结果表明 :盐酸诺氟沙星在蚕体内的药时数据符合一级吸收一室开放式模型 ,主要药物动力学参数 :T1/2Ka=1 797± 0 0 2 3h ,T1/2Kel=1 778± 0 0 12h ,Tmax=3 4 2 8± 0 0 0 8h ,Cmax=14 80 8± 0 6 4 5 μg/mL。     

Experimental determination of climate‐change effects on above‐ground and below‐ground organic matter in alpine grasslands by translocation of soil cores

We used the soil‐core translocation method to investigate the effect of increased temperature on above‐ and below‐ground phytomass and organic matter in cool alpine areas. The translocation of undisturbed soil cores from a high alpine site (2525 m a.s.l.) to an alpine site near the timberline (1895 m a.s.l.) achieved an effective artificial warming of 3.3 K. From a methodological point of view, the translocation of soil cores was performed successfully. Soil cores moved to a new site at the same altitude showed no change in above‐ and below‐ground vegetation, bulk density, and soil skeleton. At both sites, soils were Haplic Podzols with a similar chemistry and clay mineralogy. At the lower elevation site, however, podzolization processes seemed to be more pronounced. As a consequence, the translocation of the soil cores probably led to a disturbance of the actual steady state that had been established after about 10,000–13,000 years of soil formation. This might have affected the adaptability of the vegetation system. Therefore, it cannot be fully excluded that the experimental design influenced the results. Translocation of soil cores from a very cool to a warmer site led to a distinct decrease in above‐ground phytomass (about –45%) over the experimental period of two years. Below‐ground phytomass significantly decreased (up to –50%) in the topsoil (0–5 cm) after artificial warming. Possible mechanisms are that roots reduced photosynthesis and hence C flow below‐ground, a reduction of soil moisture that would have led to root death (not a very probable cause, however) or an abrupt change in the radiation duration and flux which affected root growth (also not very probable). Fast climate change exceeded the ability of the above‐ground and below‐ground phytomass to adapt quickly. Whether the decrease in phytomass was a short‐term or a long‐term response to climate warming remains uncertain. Based on a gradient study (climosequence at the same locality), we hypothesize that the decreased plant productivity might be a short‐term effect.     

大豆叶片对多效唑的吸收、运转和分配

研究大豆叶片对~3H-MET的吸收、运转、分配规律及MET对大豆吸收~(32)P的影响表明,~3H-MET叶面施用很快被大豆吸收,施后1小时吸收量占施用量的39.17％,3小时为51.26％,6小时达61.21％,此后随着施用时间的延长。吸收能力逐渐降低,48小时达66.37％;叶片吸收的~3H-MET基本上滞留于原处理部位,占叶片吸收量的97％左右,向植株其它部位输出较少,而且主要向处理叶上部的茎和叶运转。MET叶面喷施能提高大豆植株对~(32)P的吸收和增加单株干重。     

小麦易位系麦醇溶蛋白的电泳分析

本文利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)技术分析了3个小麦易位系及其亲本的麦醇溶蛋白组分,进一步明确了它们的亲缘关系和遗传组成。     

CsFAD7基因转化烟草的研究

以"革新一号"烟草种子为试材,采用根癌农杆菌介导的烟草叶盘转化法将来源于黄瓜的脂肪酸去饱和酶基因(FAD7)转入烟草,并在附加300mg/L氨苄青霉素(Amp)的MS+0.1mg/L NAA+1.0mg/L 6-BA的培养基上诱导植株分化,再生芽在附加300mg/L Amp和100mg/L卡那霉素(Kan)的MS培养基上生根,获得再生植株。结果表明:Kan阳性植株经PCR检测筛选,得到转基因阳性植株,证明异源FAD基因已转入烟草基因组中。T1代经PCR-South-ern检测证明转化基因可以遗传;转基因烟草在低温胁迫下生长较好,叶绿素荧光参数F0值下降不大,Fv/Fm值保持较高,表现了对低温的耐受能力,脂肪酸分析表明,该基因可以使烟草叶片的亚麻酸含量比例升高。     

Analysis of NO3 interception of the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche spp. using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and 13NO− 3: A new method for the visualization and quantitative analysis of the NO3 interception ratio

Abstract

The root parasitic plants Orobanche spp. (broomrapes) seriously affect agricultural production. A visualization and quantitative analytical method for the interception of nutrients was established using a positron-emitting tracer imaging system and ¹³NO^? ₃. By using this analytical method that involves volume normalization with ¹⁸F^? images, the nitrogen nutrient interception ratio of the Orobanche spp. was calculated to be 73.6 ± 3.9% in a host–parasite system of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.).     

Assessing the success of experimental rehabilitation on a coastal mineral sands mine in Namaqualand,South Africa§

The success of different rehabilitation treatments following surface mining on the arid west coast of South Africa was assessed. Treatments consisting of one or a combination of topsoil addition, plant translocation and seeding were applied to experimental rehabilitation sites in 2001, while the treatment of another site in 2008 combined all three techniques. Vegetation and species cover, species richness, diversity and evenness, and grazing capacity of rehabilitation sites were sampled during winter 2009 and summer 2010, and compared with a reference site. All rehabilitated sites achieved the objective to attain a minimum grazing capacity of 20 ha per small stock unit. Rehabilitation trials were successful in establishing a vegetation cover, but were unable to return species richness and diversity to reference levels and did not resemble the reference site in species composition. Common species in reference sites were absent or only occurred in low numbers. No treatment outperformed the others and further experimentation is needed to determine the most suitable combination. It is recommended that rehabilitation should be done in multiple stages in future to improve seedling survival and to return species that are unable to establish in the adverse conditions present at the onset of rehabilitation.